ABSTRACT
Infection of susceptible ruminants, including domestic cattle (Bos taurus) and American bison (Bison bison), with ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) may provoke the fatal vasculitis and lymphoproliferative syndrome, known as malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), reported worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a clinical case of MCF-like lesions associated with ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) infection in young calves (Bos indicus) including central nervous symptoms that occurred in Três Lagoas city, Mato Grosso do Sul state, a border town near São Paulo state, Brazil. The diagnosis was based on typical histological lesions characterized by systemic lymphohistiocytic and fibrinoid vasculitis, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of detected OvHV-2 sequences. This finding indicates that MCF disease is spread among herds concentrated in border areas between Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo states.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Herpesviridae Infections , Malignant Catarrh , Sheep , Cattle/injuriesABSTRACT
A survey of Turkey Coronavirus (TCoV) and Astrovirus (TAstV-2) prevalence was carried out from February to December during 2006 year in semiarid region of Brazil, from a turkey producer area, localized in South Eastern of Brazil. To asses the risk factor related to clinical material, climatic condition and type of RT-PCR applied, cloacal swabs (CS), faeces, sera, bursa of Fabricius (BF), thymus (TH) and spleen (SP) and ileum-caeca region were collected from 30-day-old poults suffering of enteritis episode characterized as poult enteritis mortality syndrome (PEMS). The PEMS clinical features were characterized by watery to foamy faeces, light brown-yellow in colour and low mortality rate. Meteorological data (rainfall and relative humidity) observed during along the study presented monthly average temperature ranging from 39.3 and 31.2ºC, precipitation in rainy season from 40 to 270.3 mm/month, and no rain during dry season. Simplex RT-PCR gave odds ratio (OR) values suggesting that ileum-caeca region is at higher chance (OR=1.9; p=0.9741) to have both viral RNA than faeces (OR=1.5; p=0.7319). However, multiplex RT-PCR showed 3.98 (p=0.89982) more chance to give positive results in faeces than CS at dry season. The major risk factors seem to be low rate of humidity and high temperatures at winter, probably responsible for spread, easily, the TCoV and TAstv-2 among the flocks. The positive results of both virus suggested that they can play an important role in enteric disorders, associated to low humidity and high temperatures frequently found in tropical countries.
O presente estudo foi conduzido para avaliar a prevalência do Coronavirus dos perus (TCoV) e Astrovirus tipo 2 (TAstV-2) entre os meses de Fevereiro a Dezembro de 2006, em uma região produtora localizada no semi-árido a Sudeste do Brasil. Os principais fatores de risco associado a prevalência foram material clínico analisado, condições climáticas e tipo de técnica molecular empregada. Os sinais clínicos foram caracterizados como intenso fluido intestinal e baixo crescimento em aves jovens, sendo o material coletado swabs cloacais, fezes, soros, bursa de Fabrícius, segmentos do intestino delgado, timo e baço. Os dados meteorológicos (índice pluviométrico e umidade relativa) desta região, durante o período de estudo, foram de temperatura média mensal variando de 39.3 a 31.2ºC, precipitação na época chuvosa variando de 40 a 270.3mm/mês e ausência de chuva na estação fria e seca. A técnica de simplex RT-PCR resultou em valores de odds ratio (OR) que sugerem que a região do intestino delgado (junção íleo-cecal) possui alta chance (1.9 vezes) de gerar resultados positivos na amplificação de RNA viral que as fezes (1.5 vezes) analisadas. A técnica de multiplex RT-PCR demonstrou ser 3.98 vezes mais eficiente em promover resultados positivos nas fezes que nos swabs cloacais, durante a época de inverno. Os maiores fatores de risco encontrados foram baixa umidade relativa associada a altas temperaturas, durante a estação seca, o que pode permitir uma maior disseminação aérea do ambos os vírus entre os lotes estudados. A alta prevalência detectada para dois vírus sugerem que, no Brasil, estes representam os maiores responsáveis pelos surtos de enterite viral nas regiões semi-áridas, associado a baixas umidades e altas temperaturas típicas de países tropicais.
Subject(s)
Animals , Astroviridae Infections , Avastrovirus/genetics , Avastrovirus/isolation & purification , Coronavirus Infections , Coronavirus, Turkey/genetics , Coronavirus, Turkey/isolation & purification , In Vitro Techniques , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Poultry , Epidemiology , Methods , Prevalence , Diagnostic Techniques and ProceduresABSTRACT
A four-year-old male goat with a history of neurological disorder was euthanized. It presented uncommon nodules in the brain and lungs associated with multiple abscesses, predominantly in the spleen and liver. Histological examination of brain and lung sections revealed yeast forms confirmed to be Cryptococcus gattii after a combination of isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures. Moreover, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection was diagnosed by PCR of samples from the lung, spleen and liver. The present report highlights the rare concurrent infection of C. gatti and C. pseudotuberculosis in an adult goat from São Paulo state, Brazil, and indicates the necessity of surveillance in the treatment of goats with atypical pulmonary infections associated with neurological disorders.(AU)